- April 24, 2025
Pelvic pain is a prevalent condition among many women in India. Every woman experiences pelvic pain differently, as it can range from a constant mild ache to a sharp stabbing pain, depending on the root cause. Regardless of it all, any type of pelvic pain, if left untreated, can affect your daily life, making even simple tasks like walking difficult.
Learning about the common causes of pelvic pain in women can help you better manage your symptoms. This blog will help you become more aware of your body and take better care of it through informed decisions.
A] Potential Causes Of Pelvic Pain In Women
1. Ovulation
Pelvic pain felt during ovulation is medically known as “mittelschmerz”. As the egg released by the ovaries travels to the uterus, some ovarian fluids can enter the abdominal cavity and pelvis, causing irritation and pain. This pain only lasts a few minutes to hours and will heal without any treatment.
2. Menstrual Cramps
Have you ever felt a stabbing pain in your pelvis during your menstrual cycle? Menstrual cramps are a common cause of pelvic pain in women. Menstrual cramps typically start right before your periods, as the uterus contracts and sheds its lining. It is one of the most prominent symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This pain will eventually get better on its own; however, you can also use a heat pad to relieve the sensation.
3. Urinary Tract Infection
Pelvic pain is a common symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). When bacteria enter the body through the urinary tract, they can reach the urethra, causing irritation and inflammation. A UTI can occur anywhere in the urinary system. The inflammation caused by this can push the pelvic bone, causing pain. Effective and early UTI treatment is recommended.
4. Interstitial Cystitis
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition that causes pain in the bladder and pelvis. It is often mistaken for a UTI; however, in this case there is no sign of infections. There is no concrete reason for interstitial cystitis to occur. Researchers and experts believe a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors could be a potential cause.
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is caused by an infection in the womb that can also damage surrounding tissues. It occurs when bacteria enter the womb through the vagina or cervix. PID is typically a side effect of STDs; hence, it is best to use protection during sexual activities to prevent it.
6. STIs
STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhoea can cause pelvic pain. If you notice a dull ache or sharp pain in the lower abdomen, an STI can be a potential cause. As mentioned above, STI can also lead to PID if left untreated.
7. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition that causes uterus lining tissues to start growing outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes or the intestines. During periods, these tissues also respond to hormonal changes, leading to bleeding and inflammation in the pelvis. Endometriosis is a serious condition that can also affect fertility. Consult a gynaecologist for a diagnosis and treatment.
8. IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an interstitial condition causing bloating, constipation, and diarrhoea. The constant pressure from these can lead to abdominal and pelvic pain. IBS is a chronic issue that can be managed through a clean diet and active lifestyle.
9. Urinary Stones
Urinary stones are made up of deposits of salts and minerals, such as calcium. These salts and minerals do not pass through the body during urination and can crystallise. These stones are generally found in kidneys but can form anywhere in the urinary tract. They are extremely painful and can severely affect your daily life. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive treatment for removing urinary stones.
10. Appendicitis
A sharp pain in the lower right side of the abdomen is a symptom of appendicitis. It occurs when the appendix gets inflamed. There can be many reasons for an appendix to become inflamed. It is a life-threatening condition and surgery is generally the only option for treating appendicitis.
11. Ectopic Pregnancy
When an embryo plants itself outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube, it is known as an ectopic pregnancy. It is a type of pregnancy complication that ends in miscarriage. It is a rare condition that only occurs in less than 2% of pregnancies. It causes sharp pelvic pain along with vaginal bleeding and dizziness. It is a life-threatening complication that needs surgical treatment.
12. Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths of muscle and fibrous tissue in the uterus. They can cause pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, bloating, and frequent urination. You might also feel fullness in your pelvic region and must consult a gynaecologist at the earliest.
B] Why is Diagnosis Essential?
As pelvic pain can stem from various reasons, proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. At our gynaecology clinic in Andheri East, we conduct a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical exams, imaging, and lab tests, to help pinpoint the cause.
C] Care and Treatment for Pelvic Pain in Women
1. Rest and Heat Therapy
Pelvic pain caused by the menstrual cycle (cramps and ovulation) often goes away on its own with a little bit of rest. Avoid picking up heavy things that could put unnecessary strain on your body. Also, applying a heating pad on your abdomen can prevent cramps, improve blood circulation, and reduce pain and discomfort.
2. Medication
If you are experiencing mild pain in your abdomen, generic over-the-counter painkillers can help relieve pain. For more serious pain, it is best to see a doctor and get prescribed medication. If you suspect UTI or PID, getting a doctor’s opinion is invaluable.
3. Lifestyle Modifications
A healthy lifestyle can prevent conditions like IBS. Eat a diet rich in healthy fats, fibre, and lean protein, drink 4-5 litres of water every day, and remember to exercise regularly. Limiting processed foods, alcohol, and caffeine is also recommended.
4. Surgical Interventions
For severe conditions like ectopic pregnancy, large fibroids, or appendicitis, surgery may be necessary. Surgery can also be used in extreme cases of endometriosis. Surgery is often the last option for any condition.
Conclusion
Pelvic pain can stem from a number of reasons, and the degree of severity can vary accordingly. Temporary pain caused by the menstrual cycle and IBS can be treated through rest, good diet, and hydration. Pelvic pain caused by STIs and PID is comparatively more severe and requires medical diagnosis and prescribed medication. In case of extremely severe conditions like urinary stones and appendicitis, surgery is the only viable option.
Nurturing Petals is a trusted gynaecological clinic in Andheri East, offering comprehensive diagnosis and treatment options. If you notice any discomfort or pain in your pelvic region, book a consultation with us today.
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